Cholesterol is an important fatlike substance (lipid) that is made
in the liver and is necessary for the body to function. It also is found in
foods made from animal products (meat and dairy products).
Cells need cholesterol to function. However, excess cholesterol in
the blood builds up in blood vessels and may lead to hardening of the arteries
(atherosclerosis), heart disease, and stroke. People who have diabetes are at
higher risk of developing atherosclerosis.
There are two main forms of cholesterol:
- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is called 'bad
cholesterol.' Most efforts to lower cholesterol are aimed at reducing levels of
LDL.
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is called 'good cholesterol.'
It can help remove excess cholesterol from the blood vessels.
The cholesterol level can be checked with a blood test. If it is
too high, lifestyle changes (such as diet changes and exercise) may help lower
it. Some people may need medication to lower their cholesterol levels and
reduce their risk of heart disease.
