Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells. It may first
appear as a new mole, a change in a growth or mole, a sore that does not heal,
or an irritation of the skin.
Exposure to the sun is the most common cause of skin cancer.
Problems with the body's defense system (impaired immune system) and a family
history of skin cancer also increase a person's risk.
There are 3 major types of skin cancer:
- Basal cell skin cancer is the most common
form. It is a slow-growing cancer that seldom spreads to other parts of the
body.
- Squamous cell skin cancer is less common than the basal cell
form. It also rarely spreads, especially if it is found and treated early.
However, squamous cell skin cancer is more likely to spread than basal cell
carcinoma.
- Melanoma grows and spreads rapidly and can invade other
organs, such as the liver, lungs, or brain. Melanoma usually begins in a
mole.
Skin cancer is treated by removing the cancerous area with either
surgery (excision) or freezing (cryotherapy). Chemotherapy and radiation
therapy may be needed to treat an aggressive form of skin cancer or one that
has spread to other parts of the body.
