Heart failure is a condition in which the lower chambers of the
heart (ventricles) are not able to pump blood effectively. When the heart
muscle has been damaged by long-term high blood pressure, coronary artery
disease, heart valve problems, diseases that affect the heart muscle, a heart
attack, or other conditions, it is harder for the heart to pump
effectively.
Ongoing (chronic) heart failure is a lifelong, progressive
condition that may require many lifestyle changes. Symptoms may include:
- Shortness of breath while at rest, with mild
exertion, or while lying down or shortness of breath that wakes a person from
sleep.
- Leg swelling.
- Fatigue.
- Dizziness or
fainting (rare).
Over time, symptoms may get worse (be progressive) until they are
always present.
Heart failure can also develop suddenly. This is called acute or
sudden heart failure. Sudden heart failure is a medical emergency that causes
rapid and severe shortness of breath, a sudden irregular or rapid heartbeat,
and a cough that brings up foamy, pink mucus.
Treatment for heart failure usually involves managing the
underlying causes of heart failure and relieving symptoms. Effective treatment
may reduce the need for hospital stays and the risk of premature death. Diet
and lifestyle changes along with medicines may help to manage symptoms. In some
cases, surgery may help treat underlying causes, such as coronary artery
disease or heart valve problems.
