Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease of the
central nervous system, specifically involving the brain, spinal cord, and
optic nerves. Multiple sclerosis causes problems with muscle control and
strength, vision, balance, sensation, and mental functions.
The brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves are connected to one
another by nerve fibers. A protein coating called myelin surrounds and protects
the nerve fibers. Myelin can become inflamed or damaged; this is called
demyelination. In MS, immune cells from blood vessels enter the brain, spinal
cord, or optic nerves and cause areas of inflammation, demyelination, and nerve
damage.
The cause of MS is not known. Although the disease has no cure,
medications can reduce the frequency and severity of attacks in many people.
Most people live with the disease for decades; however, many people face
growing disability as the years go by.
