Sciatica is pain caused by irritation or pressure against the
nerve roots of the sciatic nerve. People with sciatica usually have a shooting pain down the back of
the leg, but also may have leg weakness, tingling, or numbness.
The sciatic nerve is formed by the nerve roots coming out of the spinal cord into the lower back (lumbar region). Branches of the sciatic nerve extend through the buttocks and down the back of each leg to the ankle and foot.
Sciatica is usually caused by a bulging or ruptured (herniated)
spinal disc that presses against one or more of the nerve roots that
form the sciatic nerve. Pregnancy is also a common cause of the
condition. Bone spurs (from arthritis or spinal stenosis), compressed nerve
roots (usually a result of an injury), and certain rare
tumors may also cause sciatica.
Symptoms may become worse from sitting, prolonged standing, and
moving in ways that flex the spine (such as curl-ups and knee-to-chest
exercises). Increased pressure from sneezing, coughing, having a
bowel movement, or straining for a heavy lift or while laboring to deliver a
baby can also increase symptoms. Walking, lying down, and moving in
ways that extend the spine (such as press-ups and shoulder lifts) may relieve
symptoms.
Treatment depends on what is causing the nerve irritation. Heat or
cold therapy (applying ice or a cold pack to the lower back) or physical
therapy are often used to help relieve pain.
