Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong disease that develops when the
pancreas stops producing insulin, a hormone that lets sugar (glucose) move from
the blood into the body's cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for
later use. If sugar cannot move from the blood into the cells, the person's
blood sugar rises above a safe level and the cells cannot function
properly.
Type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, although it typically
develops in children and young adults, usually before the age of 30. Because of
this, type 1 diabetes used to be called juvenile diabetes. It has also been
called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) because insulin injections
must be taken daily.
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes usually develop quickly, over a few
hours or a few days. Often symptoms are first noticed after an illness, such as
the flu. Early warning signs of diabetes that are often overlooked
include:
- Frequent urination.
- Extreme
thirst.
- Increased hunger (possibly).
- Weight
loss.
As blood sugar levels increase, more noticeable symptoms may
develop, including blurred vision; drowsiness; fast and shallow breathing; a
strong, fruity breath odor; loss of appetite; abdominal pain; and
vomiting.
Treatment for type 1 diabetes focuses on keeping the person's blood
sugar level as close to normal as possible. This is done by eating a balanced diet, taking
insulin injections, and getting regular exercise.
