Craniosynostosis (craniostenosis) is a condition that affects the
skull development of a fetus or newborn. In craniosynostosis, one or more of
the connections (sutures) between plates in a fetus's or baby's skull close too
soon, and the bony plates of the skull fuse too early.
As a result of early fusion of the plates, the affected area of the
skull does not expand normally with the growing brain, causing a misshapen
head. In severe cases, usually when craniosynostosis affects more than one
suture, pressure builds on the brain and may cause long-term
complications.
Some babies develop craniosynostosis because they inherited certain
genetic traits from one or both parents. Other causes are not fully understood
but may be related to fetal growth or position or to other conditions during
pregnancy.
An irregularly shaped head is the most noticeable feature of
craniosynostosis, and it is usually noticed at birth or shortly thereafter.
Imaging tests (such as a skull X-ray, CT scan, and MRI) may be done to confirm
a diagnosis.
Craniosynostosis is treated with surgery to allow the skull to
return to its normal shape, grow normally, and prevent further complications.
Generally, no permanent disfigurement occurs, especially when surgery is done
early, often within the first 6 months of life.
