Ketones (also called ketone bodies) are substances produced by the
body as it breaks down fats for energy, a process called ketosis.
Normally the body obtains the energy it needs from sugars
(carbohydrates). A person may begin to break down fats and produce ketones
because of:
- High blood sugar levels and insufficient
amounts of insulin, preventing the body from using sugar for energy, causing it
to break down fat instead.
- Fasting or
starvation.
- Prolonged vomiting.
- A diet that is low in
sugars and starches (carbohydrates).
Ketones are normally released into the urine. If ketone levels are
very high or if the person is dehydrated, ketones may begin to build up in the
blood. High blood levels of ketones may cause fruity-smelling breath, loss of
appetite, nausea or vomiting, and fast, deep breathing. In severe cases, it may
lead to coma and death. In a pregnant woman, even a moderate amount of ketones
in her blood may harm the fetus.
Large amounts of ketones in the urine may signal diabetic ketoacidosis, a dangerous condition that is caused by
very high blood sugar levels.
