Down syndrome: Testing during middle and late childhood (ages 5 to 13)

Down syndrome can cause a variety of health problems related to physical and mental functions. These problems vary in number and severity for each individual. Your child should have regularly scheduled exams by a doctor to identify signs of any problems. The sooner health issues are recognized, the better they can be managed.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that doctors who care for children with Down syndrome pay special attention to certain health issues between the ages of 5 and 13 years, such as:¹

• Growth and weight gain. Your child should be weighed and measured at each visit. These measurements should be plotted on growth charts that have been adjusted for children with Down syndrome.
• Ear problems. Because your child has an increased risk for developing ear problems, a doctor will likely examine your child's ears each year for signs of fluid behind the eardrum (otitis media with effusion). A hearing specialist (otolaryngologist) should examine your child if there are indications of hearing problems.
• Eye problems. Children with Down syndrome are at about a 50% risk for developing nearsightedness or farsightedness. Each year, your child should be examined by an eye doctor who specializes in children (pediatric ophthalmologist) or who is experienced in caring for children with disabilities.
• Thyroid function. Children with Down syndrome have a 3% to 5% risk for developing thyroid disease, such as hypothyroidism, and should be screened with a blood test for related problems every year.
• Skin problems. Extreme dryness, acne, or other problems may develop during puberty that can get worse if they are not recognized and treated.
• Sleep apnea. You may be asked questions about your child's sleeping habits, such as whether he or she snores or is restless.

Citations

1. Committee on Genetics, American Academy of Pediatrics (2001). Health supervision for children with Down syndrome. Pediatrics, 107(2): 442-449.